External
Internet / ISP
Business internet, public services, cloud access, and external connectivity.
Edge
Firewall / Router
WAN routing, security gateway, internet control, and site connectivity.
WAN
Branches / Cloud
Remote sites, VPN, SD-WAN, cloud platforms, and external services.
Core
Core Switching
High-speed backbone, redundancy, routing, and network aggregation.
Data Center
Servers / Storage
Business applications, compute, storage, virtualization, and services.
Distribution
Distribution Layer
Policy control, uplinks, routing boundaries, and aggregation.
Access
Access Switching
User connectivity, VLANs, PoE, endpoint access, and wired network services.
Wireless
WLC / Access Points
Wi-Fi coverage, roaming, SSIDs, guest access, and wireless policy.
Operations
NMS / Monitoring
Network visibility, alerts, performance, health, logs, and reporting.